Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) Essay - 1

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) - Essay Example In a nutshell, it can be concluded that a family nurse practitioner is any nurse specially trained to work with patients of all ages to manage their conditions and must be in possession of a FNP certification (Lugo, O’Gradey, Hodnicki & Hanson, 2007). Entry requirements for one to practice as a family nurse practitioner vary from state to state although some requirements have become basic. Generally, a family nurse practitioner is currently required to possess a minimum of a master’s degree in addition to a post-master’s qualifications as cited by Lesley (2007). Additionally, one is also required to possess a national certification from either the American Nurses Credentialing Center or the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners before being allowed to practice as a family nurse practitioner. Lugo et.al (2007) further explain that this scenario is poised to change because the two bodies are planning to require a doctoral degree in future as the minimum a candidate should present to qualify for the certification test. This will be in addition to the inclusion of a special language at a master’s degree level by some states. In comparing the role of family nurse practitioner with that of family practice physician (FPP), it is noticed that the two register more similarities than differences. From the outset, both are trained to provide continuing and comprehensive health care to each member of the family encompassing all ages regardless of gender and type of problem (Lugo et. al, 2007). Similarly, both roles involve education and training in family practice and operation in a variety of nontraditional settings. Moreover, family physicians may be a good choice for those who do not want to do a lot of procedures or surgeries as opposed to other practitioners. This may allow family physicians to enjoy a more predictable schedule and better quality of life than some other specialists who have to be more available

Special education inclusion Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Special education inclusion - Research Proposal Example The results of the evaluation decide whether the children have some kind of disability and need to attend special education schools besides general education or not. There has always been a debate over the meaning of ‘special education’ and how it could be delivered (Sydoriak, 1996). Today inclusion and mainstreaming are considered to be generating good response from exceptional children in terms of overall development. The State policy promotes inclusive education as the best and effective way of special education. Observation shows that the learning outcome of exceptional children in inclusive classroom is far better than those relegated to only special education schools or agencies. Though there is divided opinion regarding the efficacy of inclusion into general educational set up for exceptional children, parents are banking on inclusive or mainstream mode of special education. As per the policy, education provided to exceptional children or to children with potential disability in the ‘least restrictive environment’ or LRE (Sydoriak, 1996) could be considered as the aim of special education. However, there is confusion regarding what kind of environment could be considered as least restrictive. As a matter of fact each child responds differently in a given situation but it can be assumed that the least discriminating the environment is the more relaxing it would be for the child t o learn and participate. And this is where inclusive classroom succeeds in providing exceptional children the comfort level. But before all, an evaluation of exceptional children is important to find out the requirements of the children and the nature of special education they need. The State policy clearly states the necessity of initial evaluation as the key factor in furthering with any form of special education. The evaluation process begins by seeking the permission of parents of the concerned child.

Development of and Access to Article 234 (indirect actions)

Development of and Access to Article 234 (indirect actions) Critically assess the evolution and development of access to and operation of Article 234 (indirect actions) with regard both to general and validity references for preliminary rulings. It is important to clarify that referral to the ECJ via Article 234 does not constitute an appeal, but recognises the necessity to correctly interpret the distinction between the rules and principles associated with maintaining the application of Community law.   The inclusion of Article 234 ensures that the law continues to be applied consistently amongst all Member States according to the intentions of Article 220 as noted above.   Accordingly, within the precepts of EU policies, the law must always be maintained.   However, it is also interesting to note that rulings in subsequent case law have attracted criticism in relation to restrictive interpretations of the meaning of individual concern, considered to be at variance with the requirement for effective judicial protection for Community law rights, a principle established and upheld by the Community courts in pursuant of Article 234.  Ã‚   When reading Article 234 contradictions would appear to suggest a conflict as to when applications for rulings should be made.   This is, however, fairly easily negotiated if discretion is applied in conjunction with the interpretation of individual case law and, since January 1999, through Guidelines issued by the ECJ itself subsequently incorporated into the Court of Appeal’s Practice Directive and the Civil Procedure Rules, Part 68.   Settling disputes between Member States, the various institutions within the EU and those individual nations, and settling individual and company disputes at variance with EU policies are more important functions exhibited by the ECJ.   EU policies and legislation has to be interpreted and adhered to within the auspices of the law, a factor which the ECJ observes through Article 234 of the Treaty of Rome.   DISCUSSION A particularly important function the ECJ carries out, within Article 234, is to maintain the concept of harmonisation between Member States and to ensure that the law is consistently applied between all of its members.   As rulings made by the ECJ are binding on all Member Nations, any referrals made by individual domestic courts to clarify EU legislation maintains homogeneity amongst the European Union.   According to Article 234 jurisdiction may be applied by the ECJ in matters of interpretation of policy issues, ‘the validity and interpretation of acts of the institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, and ‘the interpretation of the statutes of bodies established by an act of the Council†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.   A particularly important clause within Article 234 relates to referrals from domestic courts who require the law clarified within the auspices of EU protocols which, due to the stringent applications of many of the rules and regulations can be particularly adumbrative.   This particular aspect was revealed in the case of   Jà ©go-Quà ©rà © et Cie SA v Commission, and again in the case of Brown, the latter of which was particularly interesting because of the lack of specific precedent within UK national law and, similarly at that time, EU legislation itself.   In this particular case the ECJ ruled that a submission might be presented to the ECtHR for their consideration.   Accordingly, referrals could be either mandatory, in cases where the House of Lords considers further clarification is necessary, after which the case is decided by the court which made the referral.   Additionally discretionary referrals may be made in terms of the Court of Appeal or a lower court who may decide to refer a case to the ECJ for clarification, or choosing to implement their own acumen to reach a decision.   In the case of Bulmer v Bollinger it was decided by Lord Denning that Article 234 [para 2] rulings should only be cited where their implementation would result in the case being concluded, acte clair doctrine should be excluded, and in cases already elucidated by an ECJ ruling further clarification should not be deemed necessary.   Furthermore, any factor resulting in potential injustice due to unseemly delay must also be considered, together with various other factors.   If Jà ©go-Quà ©rà ©, for instance, had been successful in their first Action for Annulment, various outcomes could have resulted, although the results would be dependent upon semantics:   through intervention invoking Article 231, a Regulation could be limited, even though an Act need be declared void.   CONCLUSION   Although this matter of delay should have been partly resolved by the introduction of the Court of First Instance which was given the remit to relieve some of the burden from the ECJ, referring on as necessary any evaluation of principle to the ECJ for a review of its judgement â€Å"where a serious risk of unity or consistency of Community law† might otherwise ensue. Any obstruction should also have been determined through the introduction, following the Treaty of Nice, of Judicial Panels, which makes certain referrals to the Court of First Instance, although little actual evidence of this has been recorded as EU membership has continued to grow exponentially. After the Treaty of European Union and the Treaties Establishing the European Communities were incorporated into the Treaty of Amsterdam, economic co-operation between Member States became more of a reality.   This effectively increased the extent of influence the European Parliament could have on each nation’s domestic arrangements.   Ã‚   Prior to the Treaty of Rome, it took a perceived breach of Community law for the rights of the individual to be recognised by a Judicial Review of Community Acts, through the invocation of Articles 230 to 233.   However, in accordance with the ethos of Article 234, the European Court of Justice may now apply the necessary legislation intended to interpret and apply EU policies through maintaining the balance of power within the Member States and defining the balance yielded amongst the EU Community to maintain harmony between the disparate nations that constitute the Union.     Ã‚  As a result, an individual should have the right of support, within EC law, of the ECtHR.   Following this ruling the restrictive interpretation of the meaning of individual concern has been criticised as being at odds with the requirement for effective judicial protection for Community law rights, a principle established and upheld by the Community courts through their interpretation of Article 23 0 [para. 4], despite Advocate General Jacobs’ view that â€Å"the principal of effective judicial protection is part of Community law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: Derbyshire, P (2004):   Eddey Darbyshire on the English Legal System (7th ed). Andover:   Sweet Maxwell Maitland-Walker, Julian and Sully, Robert (2002):   ECJ Defines the Right of an Individual to Challenge EC Laws that Detrimentally Affect it.   London:   Goldens Publications Roney, Alex and Budd, Stanley (1998):   The European Union:   a guide through the EC/EU Maze (6th ed), page 35 ARTICLES: Edwards, David O (1995):   How the Court of Justice Works.   European Law Review, Vol 20, Issue 539 HMSO:   6th Report of Session 2003 – 04:   Case T-177/01 [2002] ECR II-2365 Jà ©go-Quà ©rà © et Cie SA v Commission:   The Future Role of the European Court of Justice.   Report with Evidence.   London:   HMSO.   HL Paper 47..   Published 15th March 2004 Ragolle, Filip (2003):   Access to Justice for Private Applicants in the Community Legal Order:   Recent (R)Evolutions. European Law Review, Vol 28, Issue 1, Pages 90 101 LEGISLATION: Article 119 Article 220 (previously Article 164) Article 225 (previously Article 168a) Article 230 (previously Article 177) Article 234 Article 234 [para. 2] Article 234 [para. 3] Council Decision 88/591, OJ (L319) 1 [1988] OJ (C 340) 1 [1997] Treaty of Amsterdam OJ (C340) 3 [1997] http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm TABLE   OF   CASES: Bulmer v Bollinger [1974] CA Case T-177/01 [2002] ECR II-2365 Jà ©go-Quà ©rà © et Cie SA v Commission CILFIT v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 3415 HP Bulmer Ltd v J Bollinger SA [1974] 2 All ER 1226 Laskey, Jaggard and Brown v United Kingdom (1997) 24 EHRR 39, ECtHR Macarthys Ltd v Smith [1979] 3 All ER 325 Pickstone v Freemans plc [1988] HL R v Brown [1993] 2 All ER HL 82 Re Tachographs: EC Commission v UK [1979] 2 CMLR 45 Torfaen Borough Council v B Q [1990] ECJ Van Duyn v Home Office [1974] 3 All ER 178 ONLINE   RESOURCES:   (all sites visited 18/06/05)Available at URLs: http://www.curia.eu.int/jurisp/cgi-bin/gettext.pl?lang=ennum=79958777T1904 %20R0201_2doc=Touvert=Tseance=ORDwhere=() Delaney, Erin (2003):   Right to an Effective Remedy – Judicial Protection and European Citizenship. http://www.fedtrust.co.uk/uploads/constitution/delaney.pdf Treaty of Amsterdam OJ (C340) 3 [1997] http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm

Nicolas Poussin Essay -- essays research papers fc

Nicolas Poussin 1594-1665 Pictori philosopho (Blunt, 3), â€Å"Painter-philosopher† was a name given to Nicolas Poussin by Serous d’ Agincourt in 1782. Agincourt later found out that the name Pictori philosopho had already been given to the German artist Anton Raphael Mengas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nicolas Poussin was born in 1594 in the town of Les Andelys on the Seine. He came from a nobel family that was ruined by religious wars according to Giovanni Pietro Bellori. No actual proof of this has been established his father Jean Poussin was said to have had some descent of the hierarchy. His mother was the daughter of an alderman. His father served in the military under the command of Charles IX, Henry III, and Henry IV were he came home with a small holding and led the life of a peasent. Education in Les Andelys was not that of high caliber top notch schooling, but early biographers report that Poussin learned Latin. The visit of a painter to Les Andelys by the name of Quentin Varin greatly affected Poussin in the early years of his life. The affect of Varin’s short visit to Les Andelys so greatly affected Poussin that he left home that same year. â€Å"He crept secretly out of the house without the knowledge of his parents.†(Blunt, 13) Upon departure of his home in Les Andelys he traveled to the province capital of Rouen. Once in Rouen he studied for several years under Noel Jouvenet who lived in Rouen at the time. According to biographer Bellori, Poussin arrived in Paris, France in the year 1612, at the latest 1613.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is not much information on the time of Poussin’s life that he left Rouen and the time that he arrived in Paris. Once in Paris he met a man from Poitou who offered his home to Poussin and treated him with great kindness. Poussin was set to decorate his chateau, but due to the interference of a mother-in-law the project was hung out to dry. This left Poussin, â€Å"The young artist found himself without money and three hundred miles from Paris.† (Blunt, 13) He then began the long trek to Paris on foot; he supported himself by painting in small towns that he passed through. He arrived in Paris so ill that he returned to Les Andelys, where he spent a year recovering from his illness. After a years rest Poussin returned to Paris where he built a name for himself as a reputable artist. He made many friends w... ...craments, and especially subjects that refer to baptism (Hibbard, 45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poussin believed that virtue and wisdom could be taught to mankind through painting. When he died in 1665, every artist and every lover of painting in Rome revered him. Among the great painters who were most inspired by Poussin’s work was Cezanne, the famous post-impressionist. If Poussin looks back to Raphael and Ancient Rome he points forward to Ingres and Picasso. Poussin painted pictures of total perfection, but those same paintings touch our hearts with their poetry. Works Cited Arikha, Avigdor. Nicolas Poussin, The Rape of the Sabines. Houston: Museum of Fine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arts, 1983. Blunt, Anthony. Nicolas Poussin, New York: Bollinger Foundation. 1967. Carrier, David. Poussin’s Paintings. University Park: The Pennsylvannia State   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University. 1993. Hibbard, Howard. Poussin: The Holy Family on the Steps. London: Penguin Books Ltd.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1974. Oberhuber, Konrad. Poussin The Early Year in Rome. New York: Hudson Hills Press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1988

Broken April Essay

Broken April was written by Ismail Kadare, the novel takes place in the mountainous regions of Albania during the 1920’s. The Kanun is an ancient set of rules that controls the daily lives of the people in the mountains. Such as Gjorg a 26 year old mountaineer, who is pressured by his family to seek vengeance for the death of his older brother. A newspaper writer Bessian and his wife Diana Vorpsi are from the city who are very intimate newlyweds having their honeymoon in the mountains. Kadare uses the lack or there of physical proximity to imply the strong detaching power of human relationships made by the Kanun. As illustrated by Bessian’s obsession of the Kanun causing a rejection of Diana, which is later mirrored when she develops her own obsession with it making that Bessian develops a fear of the Kanun. When Diana and Bessian were first introduced, Kadare displays a more intimate connection between them but, Bessian’s thought of the blood code is making their relationship lurking into separation. While Bessian and Diana were riding in the carriage, Bessian, â€Å"holding his wife’s hand† and at the same time â€Å"moved his head† (61) towards the window of the carriage while watching the mountains. His â€Å"holding† signifies Bessian’s dominating control of their relationship shown by the inequality of their grip. Bessian is illustrated as a dominating character because society and the blood code make it that women are inferior, by implying that Diana’s voice is worthless to Bessian. The method is also exemplified by â€Å"his wife†, which alludes to her unknown identity therefore making her seem like and unimportant character. The physical proximity still exists as a warm and tender relationship between Diana and Bessian but, Bessian’s unconscious interest in the Kanun is destroying on his focus of Diana, during their honeymoon. Diana and Bessian were approaching the tower to stay the night, and they get into an argument and Bessian â€Å"shook his dead for a moment† (84) suggesting a disapproval of Diana’s immature behavior by her smiling and their connection in the relationship. The words â€Å"moment† and â€Å"flicker† describing Diana’s quick and lively personality foreshadows Bessian developing a greater aggression towards Diana because of the blood code. Meanwhile, â€Å"match† symbolizes a destructive spark causing a powerful evil fire, foreshadowing a huge physical disconnection between them. The foreshadowing of their relationship and Bessian’s dominance leads to Diana’s opinions slowly supporting the Kanun more. After their introduction, Diana and Bessian decide to go to the tower of Orosh. During their journey and stay, Diana begins to steadily detach from Bessian and begins to become a slave to the Kanun’s seductiveness. As Diana and Bessian were planning to go to Wolf’s Pass, they were discussing about the boundary marking’s ceremony at Wolf’s Pass while inside the carriage. Diana put her head â€Å"right† (98), against the window. The physical action of her head â€Å"right† against the window suggests that she is trying to escape the discussion of the Kanun and the honeymoon because she is trying to resist the negative energy of the Kanun. Also the other meaning of the word right, signifying correctness, suggests how she is attempting to go the correct way, from the inside her of heart, away from the blood code. Additionally during the discussion Diana exclaimed, â€Å"How many opportunities to die! † when speaking to Bessian indirectly but directly to the window. The action of speaking to the window reveals a rising tension of Diana being able to express her feelings to Bessian, eventually making her feel worthless. Diana’s opinion of, â€Å"how many ways to die†, is used to compare Diana’s pale, cold, piercing opinion, compared to Bessian’s warm, passionate, intrigue of the Kanun alludes to the vast differences of their ideas and that Diana is developing a slight amusement to death. While Diana and Bessian were talking to Ali Binak, Bessian looked at his wife questioningly, as if he was saying to her, â€Å"What has come over you? (101), Bessian is starting to fear the Kanun because it is taking over Diana’s jovial sprit and replaced with a weak aggressive one. Additionally he is feeling insecure because he is not capable of giving her protection and security of a husband, therefore causing him to fear the Kanun and society it. Bessian said he saw, a â€Å"fleeting† light in her eyes. The light symbolizes purity and by it â€Å"fleeting† from her eyes shows that Bessian doesn’t know Diana’s true emotions anymore as he did before by looking into her eyes. With their opinions bringing tension between them, Diana eventually becomes engulfed in the Kanun but still seeks an escape leading to the regrets of Bessian bringing Diana on the trip. Around the end of the book in chapter six and seven, Bessian has developed a fear of the Kanun because it has generated a dark-empty look in Diana’s eyes. His fear was later developed into a feeling of remorse that Diana has become under the Kanun’s power. Diana and Bessian were in the carriage right after she saw Gjorg for the first time. Bessian â€Å"moved his head and kissed her timidly† (169), â€Å"Moved† throughout the book signifies a distant separation but Bessian is attempting to closely mend their relationship, by â€Å"kissing† her to show the affection he didn’t before. But he is â€Å"timid† because he is afraid of her new character from the Kanun and is questioning the existence of old Diana coming back. After Bessian attempts kissing Diana, Bessian fell asleep while Diana has her back turned to him as Kadare describes her action as, â€Å"timid, as if her back was towards a stranger† (181). With her back turned towards Bessian and her face towards the fire exemplifies that Diana is moving more towards a strong destructive as symbolized by the fire, the Kanun. The word â€Å"stranger† shows that Bessian is no longer important to Diana and that the roles of dominance have switched. Diana and Bessian were walking in Upper White Water they were having an intimate moment until they started talking about the tower of refuge, Diana â€Å"turned her head towards the kulla† (186). Diana’s action of turning her head exemplifies submission to the Kanun and her love for Gjorg. Meanwhile she is completely indifferent to Bessian and making an unconscious plan of going into the tower. When they were traveling back home to the city Bessian became regretful of bringing Diana and thought, â€Å"What the devil was I thinking? † (207), the question shows a majority of Bessian’s attitude towards the Kanun. Depending on how the question is read his emotions can be viewed as regret, sorrow, anger, fear, or hopelessness of completely losing Diana to the mountains. â€Å"Devil† is used as a symbol of evil perhaps referring to the evil separating power of the Kanun. In conclusion, Kadare uses physical proximity to emphasize the destructive power of human relationships made by the Kanun. In the beginning Bessian was in power because the man is seen that way in society and in the Kanun, but his obsession foreshadows Diana and Bessian’s separation. Second, Diana is trying to escape the power of the Kanun but is later completely submerged in its power. Lastly, the trip to the mountains was eventually regretted because the Kanun completely changed their intimate relationship because Diana and Bessian because it they were outsiders going into an unknown power.

Summary of “Management Communication: Principles and Practice”

Summary 1. Author – Michael E. Hattersley, Linda McJannet Title – â€Å"Management communication: Principles and practice† Date of publication – 2008, Publisher – McGraw Hill International Edition Total number of pages (280) and pages I have read (3-17,237-257,257-69) 2. The main idea This book is about the Management Communication. This book is about different types of communication, questions and problems with any manager could deal wiht. It shows how to write well and how to speak well. It gives information about making strategy for your managerial communication. 3.The structure of the text and the main problems discussed by the author The text consists of three chapters. In the first chapter the author introduces the foundations of Management Communication. This chapter mainly shows elements of communication and qualities of effective communication. It also gives a realy good phrase, which everyone should remember â€Å"good communicators are g ood listeners†. In the second chapter the authors explains effective writing process. It describes basic elements of good writing. It is full of examples, expressions and useful notes, for example, giving a lot of small tips, which can help in every situation.This chapter gives the necessary information to get any document to be read and received in the way you want it. In the third chapter the authors describes methods of effective speaking. This chapter helps to improve manager’s speech for different reasosns. Also it recommends to prepare, make a structure for your speech or presentation. It shows how to effectively deliver your speech or presentation. 4. The reader’s opinion about the book I prefer to read books about management because it gives me extra information and knowledge so i did enjoy reading this book.Book briefly gives information about the basics of Management Communications, as well the most useful tools for dealing with communication. Readers t ask is just to understand how and when to use them. I found out new things, for example, which words better not to use when speaking to the audience and with which words i can replace them. Also i read some facts about communication history, which were new for me. This book can help everyone manager who struggle with communication with his/her colleagues, partners, etc.Because it offers excersises for myself as a business communicator with the purpose of to find my stregths and weaknesses. This book confirmed that manager needs not just the theory but an actual practice – speaking and writing (also role playing) is required because in my opinion it is the best way to develop communication skills. Also i found out a lot of new words reading this book, then tried to explain and translate them. 5. Vocabulary list devote – to give or apply (sniegt, pieteikties) workload – the amount of work (slodze) revity – briefness – quality of expressing much in fe w words / short time (izteikties isi, kodoligi) vigor – force, strenght, healthy mental or physical energy (speks, energiskums) hyphens – defise attributive noun – noun that modifies other noun persuasively – persuasive – parliecinosi, parliecinoss incremental – increasing, extending (palielinoss) assumptions – pienemumi disintermediation – â€Å"cutting out the middlemand† – atteikties no kada slana/amata tirdzniecibas kede egalitarian – lidzigs, demokratisks, bezskiru sadalijums pervade – viscaur narrative – stasts clash – sadursme, konflikts llegiance – loyalty, trustiness (lojalitate, uzticiba, padeviba) ample – plass implications – sekas engage – iegut un noturet cilveku uzmanibu, interesi, noligt kadu konkretam amatam dalliances – niekosanas, vieglpratiga apiesanas, cilveka uzvediba, kurs vilcinas, leni rikojas legitimate – likumigs, parei zs Obviate – izvairities overwhelm – receptive – indifferent – grapevine – convey – succinct – dignity – paramount – immensely – commond (of the language) – bond trader – constituents = dalliances – cultivated – izkopts, izsmalcinats promoter – horde – circumvant – inevitably – privotial – implicitly – factual – concision – clutter –

Ali essays

Ali essays I am the greatest!!! Im young; Im handsome; Im fast. I cant possibly be beat. They all must fall in the round I call. I should be a postage stamp. Thats the only way Ill ever get licked. The heavyweight champion of the world should be pretty like me. It aint bragging if you can back it up. Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. Im so mean, I make medicine sick. I shook up the world. Me! Whee!!!. * These words come from the mouth of Muhammad Ali. If you ever hear a man speak of himself in such a way, it makes you wonder. It makes you wonder if he has the right to speak the way he does. It makes you wonder if people accept him without any hostility. It makes you wonder what is so special about this person. If anybody, Muhammad Ali is the man that has the right to speak the way he does. In the boxing ring, he was feared and respected for his accomplishments. However, Muhammad Ali was known for his ego. It was an ego that people both loved and hated but also an ego which ended his career twice. Even with this ego of his, Ali always had a way of pulling in people with his sarcastic humor and charm. He was simply a man that had to be loved and respected by everybody. Ali loved life and everything about it. He was an example to us all. Muhammad Ali has given the world of sports something to remember for a lifetime. Ali came into the world of boxing with the same attitude and strength he still has today. He surprised everybody; everybody except himself. Ali was a born boxer. Ever since the age of 12 when his bicycle was stolen, he has been boxing kids or adults in one way or another. Never wanting to be abused again, Ali was determined to become the most dangerous man in the world. Knocking out every person he saw in sight was his plan. He used his quickness, his size, and his power to his advantage in every bout. It was through his skill and confidence where hi ...

Consensus and conflict theories and the federal system essays

Consensus and conflict theories and the federal system essays Consensus Theory vs. Conflict Theory Consensus and conflict theories are two major different views that many have on the United States federal system. A federal system is a system of government in which power is divided between central authorities and designated political units. Consensus theory argues that our federal system promotes a fair balance of power and accountability among the branches of government. Thus, increasing societys chance to influence governmental policies and maximizing individual and community decisions. While conflict theory argues that the wealthy societys interests are protected under the federal system. Strengthening the upper class and limiting majority rule. American society appears very unclear on where they stand on these two theories. Throughout the history of the development of federalism I believe the consensus theory has been in effect. Values such as peace, security, liberty, democracy, improvement, effectiveness and fairness have long been connected with the thought of federalism. These typical American values are not easily organized under the requirements of federalism because of new conditions and the tradeoffs necessary for balancing opposing values. During the great depression the U.S. was standing at the edge of a million foot cliff. With much of the American society unemployed and the U.S. economy on the downfall, the federal government was forced to make drastic changes in order to stop this collapse. President Franklin helped to change the federalist government and push it in the right direction, by setting up employment agencies in order to make sure this would not happen again in the future. This is a prime example of how consensus theorists believe that our federal system promotes a fair bal ance of power and helps to give individuals opportunities to influence the government. Although in this situation they did not choose to alter the government, they helped to ...

7 Fun Facts About Thanksgiving You Probably Dont Know

7 Fun Facts About Thanksgiving You Probably Dont Know Thanksgiving is a holiday that brings people together. Regardless of what your race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation is, it’s a time when we can all get together, enjoy good food and share what we’re thankful for. To get you prepared for this year, we’ve compiled an infographic with some fun facts about Thanksgiving you might not have known.

Narrative Report on The Wizard of Oz (1939) Essay

Narrative Report on The Wizard of Oz (1939) - Essay Example It has significance as a unit, and a thread can be traced all the way along. Plot, on the other hand, is an item that occurs within that story. So for example, there are twists and turns in the story caused by these episodes, or plots, that crop up. They are each of lesser importance in themselves, but they all contribute to the work as a whole, creating interest and sometimes also contrast. The plot element of the balloon scene is an example of a little excursus from the main story and some of the places that Dorothy visits are also branches of sub plot . The scene where the wizard tells Dorothy to find the broom is an example of a new plot being inserted into the story and this, too, diverts her from her main goal of returning to Kansas for a while. It motivates her to take a certain course of action and increases an element of danger because she has to encounter the wicked witch. The film begins with Dorothy out walking with her dog when suddenly a tornado arrives and all the Kansas characters are depicted rushing to find shelter. This dramatic start creates suspense, because Dorothy runs here and there, flinging her arms out and wrestling with items in her desperation to find a safe spot. The whole scene is filmed in black and white, and it shows a rather plain and drab country atmosphere with chickens and horses. There is some cartoon-like camera work when Dorothy gets hit on the head and lies down in bed watching figure pass by through the window, as if being whirled up in the tornado. Finally the camera pulls right away and there is an image of the house spiralling up and away. Suspense is created at this point because the viewer wants to know what happens to Dorothy and Toto. In the final scene there is a repetition of the spiralling house but this time it spins downwards, in reversal of the opening sequence.

Partnership vs.Corporation (Taxation) Assignment

Partnership vs.Corporation (Taxation) - Assignment Example Advantages and disadvantages related to becoming a corporation Incorporating a business has many merits attached to it. A corporate business has many structures that make it enjoy protection from liability. Corporation also has ease of growth. It is also easy to transfer ownership to another. It is flexible and never rigid. The major disadvantage of a corporation is the double taxation that is levied upon the firm/corporation (Piper, 2008). The taxation is levied at the corporation level and the individual earnings are taxed. There are also fee charged for maintaining the status of a corporation and that of keeping and running corporate meetings throughout the year. In spite of these demerits attached to the corporation, it is important to note that it is easy for a corporation to go public. A corporation enjoys liability protection. In a corporation, owners and stakeholders are given indemnity from the debt incurred by the corporation. In case of the default and the bankruptcy of a corporation, owners and stakeholders do not come to be part of the debt. Therefore, individuals in the corporation cannot suffer. The personal assets and corporation assets are not interfered with in case a corporation is unable to pay its debts. Thought the corporation face double taxations; there exist cases where they are given tax breaks. A corporate business gains trust from the public and business entities as it is considered a professional entities. These give it business advantage due to its status and legality. Advantages and disadvantages of being in partnership Partnership is an agreement reached between two or more people to finance an organization or a business and run it together. In partnership, the business is independent from the partners however; the losses and profits flow through their individual taxes. Advantages of business partnership include: There are no complex details attached to establishing a partnership. It is easy to form The capacity to raise funds is greater as more partners have a higher bargaining power. They can thus get access to loans easily. There is a wider range of expertise skills. People often have different knowledge and skills; this puts the organization or the business at an advantaged position because of the possibility of varied range of knowledge and skills. Partnership can be cheaper t operate as each partner specializes in a section thus higher level of concentrated output. Partnership is important because partners mean good for the business; they thus provide moral support for each other. They may also open up for creative performance as they brainstorm Disadvantages of Business Partnership Business and the individual partners are directly liable for any action of the business and other partners The profits have to be shared in amongst people. This may raise conflict when one partner or partners feel that their contributions to the business are greater than other. This may create conflicts. There are various limitations associated with partnership, which makes it not conducive for rapid expansion. The main demerit associated with partnership is that individual members are liable to a greater degree for the liability of the business. 2. How partnership minimizes tax liability. Prepare a response as to why partnership was the best option Partnership is advantageous because it limits personal obligation to an individual but it indebts it to the partners in the organization collectively. Partnership is also

Rare earth-Business Globalization Research Paper

Rare earth-Business Globalization - Research Paper Example as shown at Fig-1.The same can be inferred from Table-1 showing the production of rare earth from 1983-2003.The geographical location of major rare earth mines are shown at Fig-2.China, which produced 120,000 tonnes or 97% of world output of rare earths in 2009, is undeniably the largest producer of rare earths globally, with India trailing far behind at a distant second place producing only around 2% of the global output(Humphries,6),(Rare Metal Mining, Nov 7,2010). The Baotou’s Bayan Obo mines in Inner Mongolia of China, containing 40,000,000 tonnes of rare earth oxides hold the largest estimated deposits of rare earths in the world, producing 55,000 tonnes of rare earths annually, which is more than 50% of rare earths presently extracted in China. Neodymium and Lanthanum are produced from left-overs of iron ores at these mines(Forbes.com). The US company Moly Corp at Mountain Pass, California is the topmost rare earth producing plant outside of China, with 6 tonnes daily ou tput of rare earth oxides which approximates to 40-67% of rare earths extracted outside of Chinese mainland(Lifton J, Rare Earth Crisis-Part-1). China, Japan, Korea and the EU are supposedly following a policy of maintaining reserves of rare earths. The European Union has identified as strategic and critical, 40 metals for safeguarding and stockpiling purposes( Lifton J, Rare Metals,5).China, has only recently embarked upon a similar policy of establishing and maintaining rare earth reserves to stabilize their prices. It has been reported that China has plans to store 200,000 tonnes of rare earth oxide reserves spread over 10 strategically located reserves(Deloitte,3). China appears to have become concerned about its rising domestic consumption of rare earths, fuelled by rapid industrialization of its metallurgical sector and consumer demands in varied other sectors such as wind turbine, and electronic goods such as cell phones, laptops and in green energy technologies.

Hamilcar Barca research paper paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hamilcar Barca - Research Paper Example A review of Hannibal’s early life is important for one to understand what motivated the Carthaginian hero. Hannibal was born to Hamilcar Barca, who was a Carthaginian leader at the time (Antiquity 74). At the time of his birth, Carthaginians and Romans were at supremacy war fighting over the Mediterranean Sea. To this end, the two were expanding their empires and conflict was almost inevitable given the fact that both had the same ambitions. The first punic war lasted from 264-241 BC led by the Barca family from the Carthaginians, and Scipio family from the Romans side. As the war ended, Carthaginians had lost control of Sicily and Sardinia in the western Mediterranean. This infuriated Hamiclar, who was the general commanding the Carthaginians in the first punic war. The humiliation made Hamiclar hate the Romans with a passion (Prevas 40). Scullard writes, â€Å"Hamilcar truly hated Romans after they humiliated the Carthaginians at their forced surrender at Sicily† (184 ). Hannibal was barely 20 years old when he was sent to Spain by the senate after Hasdrubal had insisted that the young Barca needed proper military education. Despite his young age, Hannibal was very eager to learn since he knew that this was preparation for him to rise to power and wage war against Romans. It is said that Hamilcar had â€Å"made his son swear eternal hatred to Rome† (Scullard 184) when he was very young. Hannibal received a warm welcome and immediate recognition among the troops. Prevas says that when Hannibal arrived in Spain, the troops â€Å"saw in this young boy their old commander Hamilcar† (48). As he matured, Hannibal earned more respect from the Carthage army in Spain. Hannibal got political knowledge from Hasdrubal and war competence through experience with the soldiers’ activities. The art of war seemed to come to Hannibal naturally as well (Prevas 48). Prevas further notes that Hannibal never did anything extra than the others, he a te and drank just enough to stay alive, slept on bare ground, and took guard duty just like any other soldier (48). He became a respected, skilled fighter and further learned Latin, the enemy language. Hannibal’s interaction with the soldiers served to build a strong bond with them; this would come in handy in the coming war (Prevas 48-49). Hannibal finally rose to power in 221 BC after violent assassination of Hasdrubal. Hannibal’s intense hatred for the Romans meant that he could not afford to waste any time before he started planning his terror against the Romans. Just like his father, Hannibal was ambitious about conquering lands in Spain. He, therefore, disregarded the treaty that Hasdrubal had signed with the Romans and continued expanding his territory west. Hannibal soon acknowledged the fact â€Å"Carthaginian victories in Spain would not break the power of Rome† (Scullard 186). Hannibal realized that he had to break the Italian Confederacy to bring dow n Rome. A perfect point for him to start his Rome mission would be Saguntum, a city allied to Rome and between Spain and the Alps (Barnes 1). Hannibal initiated the second punic war by his aggression and seizure over Saguntum in 219 BC, which the Romans considered an act of war, (Barnes 1). This act made the Romans furious, and they â€Å"ordered the Carthaginian government to hand Hannibal over to them† (Michael 98). Hannibal ignored the threats and proceeded to plot entry to Italy; he realized that to keep both Carthage and

Mysticism in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Mysticism in East Asia - Essay Example The powers of the western world that colonized the eastern countries admired the purity of the faith. The achievement of modernity was an important factor in the nineteenth and twentieth century and Buddhism was a great contributor towards the reaching of this early status of modernity in Japan. Buddhism is considered to be one of the very old religion but its roots mainly lay in the eastern world and particularly in the countries of China and Japan. This religion promotes peace and harmony but it also plays a role towards the development of success and self importance. The interest of the western world in Buddhism achieved a great rise in the nineteenth and twentieth century, particularly after the success of Japan in achieving the status of a modern nation. This is because it was a belief that the major contributor in assisting Japan towards this accomplishment was in the following of Buddhism. Dogen was an important figure in the history of Buddhism. He was the main teacher in the creation of Zen Buddhism in the early thirteenth century. Dogen laid great stress upon sitting and meditating. He believed that a person should be in a state of â€Å"non thinking.’ According to him this time which a person spent was very important because it assisted in the bringing together of the soul and the body of a human being. He would then be able to achieve a spiritual level that is the level which is required by a Buddha. These presentations of his beliefs clearly show his tilt towards mysticism and the recognition of the inner world. He believed that the greater the person would know about hi inner self the more he would be successful in the outer world as well. Zen is a part of the teachings of Dogen. There are views regarding this belief. It is considered first to play a great role toward the achievement of success as it pushes a person towards modernity because when he has knowledge of the inner

To what extent have the decline of the traditional career and the Essay

To what extent have the decline of the traditional career and the qrowth of non-standard work arrangements led to a fundamental shift in the nature of the psych - Essay Example There is evidence of substantial changes in work and job profiles. The issues involved have far-reaching implications. This could lead to increased polarization of the work force, income disparities which is quite conspicuous now, and new forms of social exclusion. It may not be the end of work but its attenuation in terms of quality of life and of working life will boomerang. Have there been a decline of the traditional career and the growth of non-standard work arrangements and has this led to a fundamental shift in the nature of the psychological contract. This paper takes a close look at what could have been and what is. What is a contract? Contracts are a ubiquitous and binding feature seen in organisations the world over. A Contract serves as a bond that brings together employees and employers together to achieve the organisational goal. Although macro research has paid some attention to the study of contracts, such as by Williamson, 1975 (Robinson, Kraatz, & Rousseau, Changing Obligations and the Psychological Contract: A Longitudinal Study, Research Notes) 2, an elaborate study or focus on the research on this field leaves a lot to be desired. â€Å"Technological advancement is assumed to be the most irresistible driver of change. Technology will create new jobs and transform existing work to higher skill levels, or information technology will destroy jobs or degrade them into less skilled, more routine work (Changing Nature of Work 1999). The widespread shortage of IT workers suggests that jobs are being created on a large scale. Worker surveys indicate that skills and responsibilities have increased due to digital technology (Changing Nature of Work 1999)† (Kalleberg, NON-STANDARD EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS: Part-time, Temporary and Contract Work, www.cete.org, referred on 16.04.2006)3. â€Å"Martin and Butler (2000) found "widespread agreement" in the literature that the old employment contract is dead or

Mysticism in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Mysticism in East Asia - Essay Example The powers of the western world that colonized the eastern countries admired the purity of the faith. The achievement of modernity was an important factor in the nineteenth and twentieth century and Buddhism was a great contributor towards the reaching of this early status of modernity in Japan. Buddhism is considered to be one of the very old religion but its roots mainly lay in the eastern world and particularly in the countries of China and Japan. This religion promotes peace and harmony but it also plays a role towards the development of success and self importance. The interest of the western world in Buddhism achieved a great rise in the nineteenth and twentieth century, particularly after the success of Japan in achieving the status of a modern nation. This is because it was a belief that the major contributor in assisting Japan towards this accomplishment was in the following of Buddhism. Dogen was an important figure in the history of Buddhism. He was the main teacher in the creation of Zen Buddhism in the early thirteenth century. Dogen laid great stress upon sitting and meditating. He believed that a person should be in a state of â€Å"non thinking.’ According to him this time which a person spent was very important because it assisted in the bringing together of the soul and the body of a human being. He would then be able to achieve a spiritual level that is the level which is required by a Buddha. These presentations of his beliefs clearly show his tilt towards mysticism and the recognition of the inner world. He believed that the greater the person would know about hi inner self the more he would be successful in the outer world as well. Zen is a part of the teachings of Dogen. There are views regarding this belief. It is considered first to play a great role toward the achievement of success as it pushes a person towards modernity because when he has knowledge of the inner

Immanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant Essay Introduction 1What does philosophy mean? -Everyone has a philosophy -We have ideas concerning things, people, the meaning of life, death, God, what is good and bad. -We may have certain attitudes to life, certain ways of looking at things. -For example: -I am an optimist. I can always see a positive side to most unhappy situations. -I don’t believe in worrying too much. I think about today. Tomorrow can take care of itself. -Although an individual claim this to be his philosophy and rightly so. But this is not philosophy as a discipline. It is too broad, vague, superficial, impersonal and unclear. It does not adequately describe the work of a philosopher. -We need to define philosophy more specifically. 2The word â€Å"philosophy†. -The Word â€Å"Philosophy†. -Philia (love) + Sophia (wisdom) = the love of wisdom. 3Definitions of philosophy a. The study of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life Online Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. b. Philosophy is a rational attempt to look at the world as a whole. 4What does philosophy seek to do? -Philosophy seeks to examine fundamental questions about the universe and about ourselves with the hope of coming up with consistent principles by which we can understand and live. 5Human beings have always sought answers to certain fundamental questions What are these fundamental questions? -What makes an action write or wrong? -What is my purpose in the world? -What is truth? -What makes a good life? -Is God important in our lives? -Where does knowledge come from and how do we know that our knowledge is true. -What is the relationship between mind and body? 6Why do we need philosophy? Why do we need philosophy when we have science and technology? -We have advanced so much in science and technology -We live in cities, we have conquered the air and have ventured into space? -Communication is so developed that distance no longer matters -We have immense power over nature -We are able to produce more goods and services than ever before -So, why do we still need philosophy? 7Yet all these advances cause us to be disturbed and anxious -There is a danger that the very technology we have developed could destroy us. -For example nuclear technology. -We seem to be unable to deal with the problems of war, famine, terror, distribution of wealth, pollution, the threatened extinction of wildlife, exploitation and oppression of the weak . -Knowledge and values appear to be divorced. -This is where philosophy comes in. It helps us to examine our lives as individuals and groups. -Philosophy may not be able to provide solutions to all the world’s problems. But it helps to examine issues clearly, consider options and help us to make informed decisions. -With poor, incomplete and shallow reasoning we cannot build an enlightened society -If we are unable to distinguish between valid and invalid reasoning, then we become victims of persuasive orators, cult leaders and unscrupulous political leaders. -Philosophy helps us to see more deeply and clearly into an issue. It helps us to question traditional and outdate beliefs so that we can make informed choices -Knowledge of ethical systems help us to live ethical lives at the personal and communitarian level. -Knowledge of what constitutes beauty helps us to appreciate and respect differences in individual and cultural concepts of beauty and art. -Being able to think critically will help us to be aware of any irrational and oppressive beliefs in religion. 8The traditional divisions of philosophy. a. Logic b. Metaphysics c. Epistemology d. Value Theory LOGIC aLogic. -The systematic study of rules to distinguish or recognize good arguments from bad. -In an argument, groups will give opposing views. -How do we know which argument is good and which is not good. -Logic helps us to do so by providing rules to recognize right argument from wrong argument. -It is concerned with tests to find out which arguments are valid. -Logic runs through all the other branches of philosophy. METAPHYSICS -bMetaphysics The study of the nature of being and of the world. -It is concerned with the fundamental nature of all reality, both visible and invisible. -It asks what reality is, why it is, and how we can understand it. Ontology That part of metaphysics that studies being or existence. EPISTEMOLOGY cEpistemology The study of the sources, nature and validity of knowledge. -It deals with issues like: -What are the sources of knowledge? (Origin of knowledge) -Where does genuine knowledge come from? -How do we know? -What is the nature of knowledge? (Appearance and reality) -Is there a real world outside the mind? -If so, can we know it? -Is our knowledge valid? (Truth/Verification) -How do we distinguish truth from error? Two traditional schools of thought have sought to answer the questions above: -Rationalism -Human reason alone can discover the basic principles of the universe -Empiricism -All knowledge ultimately comes from sense experience, and therefore our knowledge is limited to what can be experienced. There is a relationship between metaphysics and epistemology. Our understanding of reality (metaphysics) depends on our understanding of what can be known (epistemology). Our theory of knowledge (epistemology) depends on how we understand ourselves in relation to the whole of reality (metaphysics). VALUE THEORY dValue Theory The branch of philosophy that studies values. -It can be subdivided into ethics, aesthetics, and social and political philosophy. iethics: is concerned with morality; right or wrong behavior. -the three areas of ethics are : descriptive, normative and metaethics. -descriptive ethics (what is ) identifies motives, desire and intentions of human conduct and acts. It describes moral actions. -normative ethics (what ought to be) proposes the principles by which people ought to act and live. These are called ethical theories. -Meta-ethics(analysis) on how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong. It deals with the meaning of key concepts, techniques of reasoning and analysis, and linguistic conventions It deals with matters like what do moral terms mean? What sort of mental state is involved in accepting a moral claim – a belief, an emotion? Is there any sort of moral reality or facts? Is ethical knowledge attainable? If so, how? In fact, drawing the conceptual distinction between Metaethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics is itself a metaethical analysis. ii. Aestheticsis concerned with the theory of art and beauty. -Many philosophical problems in aesthetics involve critical judgements.? -It deals with concepts of concepts of beauty. Is beauty subjective or objective? iii. Social and political philosophyisconcerned with value judgments concerning society, the state and the individual’s relation to these institutions -It deals with issues like -Why should individuals live in society? -What should be the social ideals of liberty, rights, justice, equality and responsibility -Why should anyone obey any government? -Why should some individuals or groups have political power over others -Who should have political power over others? -What should the scope of political power be? -What are the goals of government? Glossary 1philosophyphilia (love) + Sophia (wisdom) = the love of wisdom 2logicThe systematic study of rules to distinguish or recognize good arguments from bad 3metaphysicsThe study of the nature of being and of the world 4epistemologyThe study of the sources, nature and validity of knowledge 5value theoryThe branch of philosophy that studies values. It can be subdivided into ethics, aesthetics, and social and political philosophy. 6rationalismHuman reason alone can discover the basic principles of the universe 7empiricismAll knowledge ultimately comes from sense experience, and therefore our knowledge is limited to what can be experienced 8aesthetics Is concerned with the theory of art and beauty.

Agile methodology

Agile methodology Agile methodology is an approach to project management, typically used in software development. It refers to a group of software development methodologies based on iterative development. Requirements and solutions evolve through cooperation between self-organizing cross-functional teams, without concern for any hierarchy or team member roles. It promotes teamwork, collaboration, and process adaptability throughout the project life-cycle with increased face-to-face communication and reduced amount of written documentation. Agile methods break tasks into small increments with no direct long term planning. Every aspect of development is continually revisited throughout the lifecycle of project by way of iterations (also called sprints). Iterations are short time frames (timeboxes) that normally last 1-4 weeks. This inspect-and-adapt approach significantly reduces both development costs and time to market. Each iteration involves working through a complete software development cycle characterized by planning, requirements analysis, design, coding, unit testing, and acceptance testing. This helps minimize overall risk, and quicker project adaptability. While iteration may not have enough functionality necessary for a market release, aim is to be ready with a release (with minimal bugs) at the end of each iteration. Typically, the team size is small (5-9 people) to enable easier communication and collaboration. Multiple teams may be required for larger developmental efforts which may also require a coordination of priorities across teams. Agile methods emphasize more face-to-face communication than written documents when the team is in the same location. However, when a team works at different locations, daily contact is maintained through videoconferencing, e-mail, etc. The progress made in terms of the work done today, work scheduled for tomorrow and the possible roadblocks are discussed among the team members in brief sessions at the end of the each working day. Besides, agile developmental efforts are supervised by a customer representative to ensure alignment between customer needs and company goals. Software Development was initially based on coding and fixing. That worked well for smaller software, but as the size and complexities of software grew a need for a proper process was felt because the debugging and testing of such software became extremely difficult. This gave birth to the Engineering Methodologies. The methodologies became highly successful since it structured the software development process. One of the most popular models that emerged was the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) that developed information systems in a very methodical manner. Waterfall method is one of the most popular examples of Engineering or the SDLC methodology. A paper published by Winston Royce in 1970 introduced it as an idea. It was derived from the hardware manufacture and construction strategies that were in practice during the 1970s. The relationship of each stage to the others can be roughly described as a waterfall, where the outputs from a specific stage serve as the initial inputs for the following stage. During each stage, additional information is gathered or developed, combined with the inputs, and used to produce the stage deliverables. It is important to note that the additional information is restricted in scope; new ideas that would take the project in directions not anticipated by the initial set of high-level requirements are not incorporated into the project. Rather, ideas for new capabilities or features that are out-of-scope are preserved for later consideration. Agile Methodology: Engineering methodologies required a lot of documentation thereby causing the pace of development to slow down considerably. Agile Methodologies evolved in the 1990s to significantly eliminate this bureaucratic nature of engineering methodology. It was part of developers reaction against heavyweight methods, who desired to drift away from traditional structured, bureaucratic approaches to software development and move towards more flexible development styles. They were called the Agile or Light Weight methods and were defined in 1974 by Edmonds in a research paper. Some of the most popular agile methods that subsequently evolved were Scrum in 1995, Extreme Programming in 1996, Adaptive Software Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method and Feature Driven Development. In 2001, a team of 17 pioneers in agile software development coined the terms Agile Software development and agile methods. An Agile Manifesto was declared that was regarded as a set of canonical rules for agile software development methods and accompanying principles. Similarly, some of these people formed The Agile Alliance, a non-profit organization that promotes agile development. Extreme Programming: One of the several popular agile processes which stresses on customer satisfaction is Extreme programming. It improves a software project by focusing on communication, feedback, simplicity, courage and respect. Empowerment of the developers ensures speedier responses to changing customer requirements. Teamwork and collaboration is an integral part of extreme programming that improves the productivity and efficiency of the problem solving approach. Comparing Agile With Waterfall Model; Agile methodology can be compared and contrasted with traditional Waterfall model under the following heads. Conceptual Difference: Sequential Vs Iterative: Waterfall method is a sequential process of software development. Similar to a waterfall, the development team in such a model proceeds to the next stage of development once the first step is entirely accomplished. The waterfall model phases of software development are: requirement specification, conception, analysis, design, coding, testing debugging, installation and finally maintenance. A good amount of time is spent in each stage of development, till all requirements are met. Compared to this set-in-stone approach of waterfall models, the agile models focus on adaptability and agility during development. As an alternative to one rigid development schedule, agile models involve multiple iterative development schedules. Each iteration goes through the entire steps of design, coding and testing. A closely-knit, cross functional and self-organizing team structure exists. Documentation: Substantial Vs Minimal: While emphasis is placed on documentation at every stage of software development in a waterfall model, agile methodology emphasizes increased face-to-face communication and reduced documentation. Suitability: Predictive Vs Adaptive: While waterfall model is suitable for development of stable programs, agile methodology is best suited for web based applications because of its iterative nature that helps in incorporating correcting the different bugs that arise over time. Nature: Process oriented Vs People oriented: Waterfall Methodology is Process-oriented as it focuses on pre-planning of processes in great detail and subsequently coming up with a defined overall process to be used by whosoever uses it. Agile Methodologies on the other hand are People-oriented as they believe process definition is not an independent thing and the development of software relies heavily on the skills of the development team rather than on defined processes. Agile Methodologies use processes only to support the development team in doing their work more effectively and efficiently. Process never takes a lead in agile methodologies. Efficiency: Low Vs High: Efficiency is determined by the quality of software product, the lead development time and the number of bugs. Due to the adaptability of agile methods and the rigid development cycle of waterfall model, agile methods can incorporate changes and release products in lesser time. http://www.extremeprogramming.org/. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-vs-agile.html.

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the hardest form of punishment enforced in the United States today. It is a controversial issue that continues to be debated by the American public. Most of the factors people do not agree on the issue of Capital punishment is immoral and for this reason should not be allowed in our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, there are many reasons for the support of Capital punishment. Capital punishment protects the innocent of society against the violence of criminals. Capital punishment deters crime and helps create peaceful conditions for our society. Capital punishment also serves the purpose of justice for the victims of the crimes. Furthermore, people believe that death penalty reduces serious crimes. Although there are many effective reasons supporting the death penalty, many people still deem that Capital punishment should be abolished because it is cruel, inhumane and barbaric. Moreover, the possibility of innocent death is always there. In addition, some people believe that the most effective punishment to deter crimes is life sentence, not Capital punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, Capital Punishment is cruel and unusual punishment. Once a jury has convicted a person, they go to the second part of the trial, the punishment phase. If the jury recommends the death penalty and the judge agrees, the criminal will face some form of execution and then a life is ended. The death pena...

Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examples -- Exploratory Es

Disease and Imperialism in Africa      Ã‚  Ã‚   Diseases were prevalent in Africa during the time of European Imperialism. Disease affected both natives and European peoples in Africa. African diseases affected both natives and European explorers and soldiers as well as diseases brought by the Europeans that affected the Africans.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerouks diseases impadcted the Europeans in Africa during the time of Imperialism.   During the time of Imperialism many explorers and soldiers died of disease. "During 1804-25 over 60 per cent of the men sent out by the Church Missionary Society died of disease" (McLynn 228). Traveling to Africa was very dangerous. "Before the 19th century, European soldiers in the tropical areas [in Africa] died from disease at four to five time the rate of those in Europe" (Curtin). "By far the greatest fatality in Africa was from malaria" (McLynn 228). Often times entire expeditions would die of disease upon traveling in Africa. "Of the 40 men who accompanied Mongo Park's second expedition to the Niger in 1805, not one returned to England. Six were killed in battle, the rest died of malaria or dysentery" (McLynn 228). The Europeans lacked ways to cure or prevent these diseases because they knew so little about them. "Traditional remedies were lying in steam baths, taking cold dip s in the sea, applying bisters or swallowing doses of strychnine, arsenic, and calomel" (McLynn 232). Disease stopped the Europeans from moving quickly through Africa. The symptoms of illness and loss of life halted exploration. Symptoms of malaria were incapacitating; they included "chills, fever, and sweating" ("Malaria"). The cause of malaria was unknown until it was discovered that it was "caused by a blood parasite of man,... ...rta. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 1994. Manderson, Lenore Ph.D. "Public Health Developments in Colonial Malaya:   Colonialism and the Politics of Prevention." America Journal of Public Health. Jan 1999: 102-107. Masland, Tom, and Rod Nordland. "10 Million Orphans." Newsweek. 17 Jan. 2000. 5 March 2000 http://newsweek.com/nw-srv/printed/us/in/a4881-2000jan9.htm. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York:   Carrol & Graf, 1993. 227-252. Reader, John. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.   239-248. Smaldone, Joseph P. "Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops in the Conquest of Africa." The Journal of Military History. April 1999:   453-455. Online. Proquest. Proquest UMI. 28 Feb. 2000. Wekesser, Carol, ed. Africa: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1992. 24-32. Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examples -- Exploratory Es Disease and Imperialism in Africa      Ã‚  Ã‚   Diseases were prevalent in Africa during the time of European Imperialism. Disease affected both natives and European peoples in Africa. African diseases affected both natives and European explorers and soldiers as well as diseases brought by the Europeans that affected the Africans.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerouks diseases impadcted the Europeans in Africa during the time of Imperialism.   During the time of Imperialism many explorers and soldiers died of disease. "During 1804-25 over 60 per cent of the men sent out by the Church Missionary Society died of disease" (McLynn 228). Traveling to Africa was very dangerous. "Before the 19th century, European soldiers in the tropical areas [in Africa] died from disease at four to five time the rate of those in Europe" (Curtin). "By far the greatest fatality in Africa was from malaria" (McLynn 228). Often times entire expeditions would die of disease upon traveling in Africa. "Of the 40 men who accompanied Mongo Park's second expedition to the Niger in 1805, not one returned to England. Six were killed in battle, the rest died of malaria or dysentery" (McLynn 228). The Europeans lacked ways to cure or prevent these diseases because they knew so little about them. "Traditional remedies were lying in steam baths, taking cold dip s in the sea, applying bisters or swallowing doses of strychnine, arsenic, and calomel" (McLynn 232). Disease stopped the Europeans from moving quickly through Africa. The symptoms of illness and loss of life halted exploration. Symptoms of malaria were incapacitating; they included "chills, fever, and sweating" ("Malaria"). The cause of malaria was unknown until it was discovered that it was "caused by a blood parasite of man,... ...rta. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 1994. Manderson, Lenore Ph.D. "Public Health Developments in Colonial Malaya:   Colonialism and the Politics of Prevention." America Journal of Public Health. Jan 1999: 102-107. Masland, Tom, and Rod Nordland. "10 Million Orphans." Newsweek. 17 Jan. 2000. 5 March 2000 http://newsweek.com/nw-srv/printed/us/in/a4881-2000jan9.htm. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York:   Carrol & Graf, 1993. 227-252. Reader, John. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.   239-248. Smaldone, Joseph P. "Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops in the Conquest of Africa." The Journal of Military History. April 1999:   453-455. Online. Proquest. Proquest UMI. 28 Feb. 2000. Wekesser, Carol, ed. Africa: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1992. 24-32.

The Issues Of Investing In Wind Power Environmental Sciences Essay

Buying and put ining a little air current power generator for your place is a undertaking that requires significant investing. Small wind generators can be you anyplace from $ 2000-6000 per kilowatt. As such, even the smallest air current turbine – i.e. a 5kV generator – can be you about $ 10,000. As such, it is intrinsic that you consider a few issues before you invest a majority of money in a little air current power generator to cut down your future public-service corporation costs Regional Wind Speed This is one factor that most people miss out on when make up one's minding to purchase a little air current power generator, and it is due to this that most people complain about air current power generators. Get to cognize the mean air current velocity in your country before purchasing a air current turbine. Subsequently, when you go to buy a air current turbine, expression at the sum of air current velocity it requires for declared power coevals. Most people deny this and frequently stop up kicking about non acquiring what they want. Remember, little air current generators require ample wind velocity and as such you should look up the air current velocity statistics and choose the appropriate air current power generator. On or Off-Grid First of wholly, you should make up one's mind whether you will be linking your little air current power generator to the power grid or non. If you decide to maintain it off-grid, you will be farther required to buy batteries and an inverter to hive away the extra energy and utilize it subsequently onwards. If you decide to link your generator to the grid, it wo n't be you much and you will be able to sell the extra energy generated to the local public-service corporation company. By and large, linking the generator to the power grid is preferred as it consequences in larger decrease in public-service corporation measures. Actual Capacity The declared capacity is ever mentioned sing the turbine invariably receives the ideal air current velocity and as such it is frequently extremely overstated. You should recognize that little air current generators do non work at their existent rated capacity ; alternatively, they merely produce 10-40 % of their stated capacity on a day-to-day norm. For case, a 1kW turbine will non bring forth 24kW in 24 hours, but alternatively it will bring forth 10-40 % of 24kW ; i.e. 2.4-9.6kW on a day-to-day footing. It is of import you realize this and maintain this in head while buying little air current generators. Area & A ; Placement of Wind Turbine By and large, it is said that a air current turbine should be placed at a tallness of 80ft for ideal air current velocity. However, there are a few issues when puting a air current turbine at such a tallness. Chiefly, if you are traveling to put a air current turbine at such a tallness you will be required to construct a tower of the same tallness on which the air current turbine will be placed. Furthermore, the tower will necessitate to be sturdy so that it is non destroyed in instance of high velocity air currents. Many legal powers do non let anything to be built in a residential country over the tallness of 35ft. In such instances, you will necessitate to get a edifice license from the local council or the several lodging authorization. If you are acute on puting your little air current power generator elsewhere, you will be required to supervise from which way and at which tallness of your house do you have ideal air current velocities. Remember that a air current turbine is dea rly-won and if you can non put it in countries of good air current velocity, it is a waste of money. At every point in make up one's minding to buy a air current power generator, you should maintain in head that little air current generators country a brawny investing. You should purchase one that is ideal for you or else all your invested clip and money will travel to waste. Article 2 – Why Home Wind Power Is Good? Environmentally Friendly In the face of issues such as planetary heating and depletion of non-renewable natural resources, one of today ‘s major issues is utilizing environmentally friendly merchandises. One of the most obvious advantages of utilizing place air current power is, hence, doing usage of renewable beginning of energy ( air current ) to bring forth energy. This in bend frees the non-renewable resources such as coal and oil for other utilizations. Windmills or weave turbines minimise the harm done to environment compared to utilize of coal and oil for the same which release toxic exhausts that have led to ozone depletion. Cost Salvaging Furthermore, the cost of operation of place air current power is drastically low compared to other beginnings. Although the initial capital cost possibly high, consecutive cost of operation remains highly low. Hence, the option is cost-efficient and has the potency for tremendous nest eggs for today ‘s cash-starved clients. In some states, the authoritiess have besides initiated revenue enhancement freedoms for families that survive on place air current power. In some provinces the cost of the equipment is written off against the person ‘s income that consequences in lower nonexempt income and hence, income revenue enhancement. Other provinces may let revenue enhancement interruptions for families utilizing place air current power as good. Customers besides benefit from lower electricity measures. Always Powered Possibly, a noteworthy advantage of utilizing place air current power is that this system is dependable and families do n't hold to endure from deficiency of electricity due to power outages. Hence, in states with terrible power crises and burden casting issues, this system of place air current power ensures power even when there are blackouts. Furthermore, clients no longer necessitate to trust on grid Stationss for supply of electricity ; they become self-sufficing with domestic air current power turbines and windmills. Besides, the operation is highly straightforward and hassle free and does non necessitate complicated processs of installing. Home wind turbines are one manner of bring forthing air current power and they significantly cut down C emanations. It, hence, leads to a greener environment. By hive awaying fresh air current energy, wastage of the renewable resource is reduced. Good Investing Wind power equipment is treated as an investing. Its lifespan extends by more than twenty old ages. The usage of air current power non merely helps families salvage money but besides helps them do money. On high air current yearss families are able to sell power to grid Stationss and they might acquire paid for it by electric companies where the province allows. It is highly good for places located near the national grid. Families can hive away extra air current on a blowy twenty-four hours and so sell it subsequently to the national grid. Although air current turbines are normally tall vertically, they take up really small infinite vertically and are, hence, convenient to topographic point in little houses. They besides free up the staying land or infinite for other utilizations. Furthermore, by geting the air current power installation the resale value of residential places increases because the equipment is regarded as a place betterment and has reasonably low care costs. It is tr eated as a back-up beginning of energy as good ; hence, purchasers end up paying more for houses with this installation. Article 3 – Wind Power VS Solar Some parts of the equipment used in solar panels are frequently obtained by activities such as strip excavation and through significant harm to the environment which is non the instance with residential power generators. Residential air current power generators have a batch of traveling parts, whereas solar panels do non. Therefore, the operation of residential air current power generators is noisy compared to that of solar panels which is soundless. Residential air current power generators have lesser dependability and a shorter battery life ( from 10-20 ) old ages compared to solar power equipment that has a life of about 25 old ages. Furthermore, air current power equipment requires greater monitoring compared to solar power. It besides requires more expensive care compared to solar power. Besides, residential air current power generators are more conspicuous compared to solar panels that become less obvious when installed on rooftops. Installation with solar power is besides fast er compared to that of air current power and less overseas telegram is required. The former is besides less affected by harm by buoy uping and is besides less antipathetic to damage by high velocity air currents. Besides, in some states authoritiess are antipathetic to the thought of installing of residential air current power generators and permission is hard to obtain compared to that for solar power. Besides, the air current turbines and generators are risky to winging animals such as birds that get trapped into the fan and lose their life. Residential power generators can botch the attraction of a house by going excessively outstanding in the landscape. As a consequence the value of existent estate may travel down. Wind power equipment requires more infinite compared to that for solar power which can easy be built onto rooftops. Professionals of Wind Power One of the most obvious advantages of utilizing wind power is that they can utilize wind twenty-four hours or dark or 24 hours every bit long as air current is blowing, whereas, in the instance of solar power, energy can be obtained merely during daylight hours. Besides, the installing of residential air current power generators is frequently less expensive than that of solar power panels and the production of solar panels consumes greater resources. Furthermore, air current power frequently produces greater sum of energy compared to solar power which is suited for low-energy ingestion contraptions such as bear downing batteries etc. Cons of Wind Power End product from air current power is non as predictable and consistent as that from solar power, harmonizing to research by NASA. In countries where the mean air current velocity is less than 5 metre per second, solar power provides greater value for money compared to weave power. Its credibleness is farther weakened by issues such as dependence on velocity, strength and way of air current. The operation of air current power equipment is noisy and harmonizing to one research can bring forth the same noise as a auto traveling at the velocity of 70 miles per hour. The production of air current power equipment besides consequences in pollution ; hence, their usage is non free from pollution. Besides, one piece of air current power equipment has really small capacity compared to a solar panel and the largest capacity extends to merely 475 people. If this signifier of energy were to be used extensively in future, a batch of such equipment would necessitate to be manufactured. Article 4: Is Wind Power Apt for You Several factors need to borne in head before make up one's minding to utilize wind power. Geographic Considerations It is necessary to do certain there are n't any physical barriers or breaks in the signifier of skyscrapers, edifices, trees or hills near the place. Locations that are exposed are frequently the best for air current generators for place usage as they are non disrupted by any turbulency. Besides, it is necessary that the place is located in a blowy country. If the air current velocity is less than 5 meter/ second, the air current generators for place usage fail to work decently and do non bring forth coveted energy degrees. Besides at velocity less than 5 metres per second, air current generators for place usage become less cost effectual than solar panels. Furthermore, a really of import factor is whether the place is east unfastened or west unfastened. Wind generators for place usage mostly depend on the way of air current. If air current is in the opposite way so opportunities are high that the equipment wo n't work. The strength of air current is merely every bit of import as the velocity of air current. By and large, the higher the strength the better the public presentation of the air current generator for place usage ; nevertheless, if the strength is excessively much ( as in the instance of gales ) the equipment can be destroyed. Furthermore, air current power is of great benefit to the client if the place is located far off from the national grid. The public-service corporation of air current generators for place usage is maximized to those whose places are remotely located and are barren of electricity supply. Legal & A ; Aesthetic Considerations Legally, it is necessary to happen out whether there is demand for be aftering permission for installing of air current generators for place usage in the peculiar vicinity where the place is. Often little graduated table usage of air current power requires some kind of be aftering permission and authoritiess may be susceptible to the thought of air current turbines and generators as they are presumed to destruct the aesthetic attraction of a vicinity. Furthermore, if the occupants of the place intend to resell the place in close hereafter, they possibly averse to the thought of air current generators for place usage as they destroy the beauty and attraction of the house and might ensue in lower resale value. Other Considerations Furthermore, the size of the place is really of import. Wind power equipment by and large requires big infinite, particularly 1s with big energy capacity. Besides it is of import to put precedences, that is, does the place need a changeless power supply or can it make without one. One of the major grounds for utilizing wind power is to minimise losingss originating from burden casting or blackouts. Wind power is besides used for exigency intents ; hence, it is indispensable to make up one's mind whether the house needs energy in times of power cuts. It is besides indispensable to find the income degree of the family. If the income degrees are high opportunities are that the usage of air current power may non look really convincing as the family possibly able to boom on the usage of coal or gas powered generators and manage to pay immense electricity measures. Article 5: Cost of Wind Power Capital Costss These include the cost of turbines, blades and any other constituent that is built on the top of the towers. A broad assortment of makers are available. Vestas, GE, Mitsubishi are some of them. The cost of air current power varies with makers. Furthermore, the cost depends on whether the stuff is imported or local. Costss related to interconnection such as substations are besides included. These are needed to let the air current farm to acquire entree to transmittal lines. Furthermore a connexion to the grid station possibly required if the client wishes to provide the national grid station with extra electricity. These costs vary with the terrain ( they are higher in cragged or rugged terrain ) every bit good as distance and handiness of rights. Legal Costss Cost of obtaining be aftering permission from the authorities can besides be important constituent of the overall cost of air current power and depend on the grade to which authorities of the province are inclined towards the thought of utilizing wind power. State blessing every bit good as local zone blessing is required. This includes fees of attorneies, lobbyists every bit good as applied scientists. When seeking legal blessing, of import considerations might include taking into history possible harm to vicinity ( in footings of noise pollution ) or to the aesthetics of the town. Financing Costss Cost of funding possibly a really of import constituent. Since the cost of installing of air current power equipment is high, some families may see borrowing a loan and the rate of involvement on that loan may be considered as a possible funding cost. The cost of air current power varies and its deserving depends on the beginnings of finance available to the client. The cost of a system that is roof mounted sums to ?2,000. Larger installings range from $ 30,000 to $ 48,000 and include a revenue enhancement amounting to 5 % of the cost of installing. Tax freedoms of revenue enhancement interruptions possibly deducted from the overall cost. Other Costss These are costs associated with the force per unit area, way, velocity and variableness in air current. The sum of burden borne by the national grid every bit good as transmittal lines plays an of import function ; the higher the burden, the higher the costs of air current power. Cost of battery is another consideration here. Battery life may change from between 6 to 10 old ages. Research suggests that extremum end product occurs less than 30 % of the clip which means that there are costs associated with off-peak end product. Costss associated with insurance, and noise costs ( such as uncomfortableness to neighbours ) may besides be high. Besides, the cost of bird deceases caused by the operation of equipment is a societal cost of air current power. Repair and replacing costs The utile life of air current power equipment varies with the usual life changing between 10 to 20 old ages. Monitoring costs of air current power are normally high and replacing is costlier compared to other signifiers of energy.

Desiderata: Essential Facts of Life

Rashaunta Hunter Mrs. Cannon English IV- 1B 27 August 2009 â€Å"Essential Facts of Life† Written in the 20th century, â€Å"Desiderata† gives many different ways to live a positive life. The message of this poem explains’ how to get through many circumstances. The poem tells you how to become a better person. Once you read this poem, you will learn how to treat others. There are essential facts in this poem that helps you have a more joyful life. Avoiding loud and aggressive persons, comparing yourself with others, and being at peace with God, are statements from the poem â€Å"Desiderata† to encourage you to live a peaceful life.People shouldn’t associate themselves with negativity. If people desire to have more calm and peaceful lives, they should â€Å"avoid loud and aggressive persons they are vexations to the spirit. † I used to associate myself with people who were very loud and aggressive. Eventually I started acting just like them. O nce I started hanging out them, I would always be distracted and wouldn’t be focused on the things I really needed to be focused on. I would find myself being frustrated with every little thing and person.My grades were falling and I would always get suspended. When I decided to separate myself from all the negative people, I was more calm and relaxed. I was no longer frustrated. My grades rose back up. I even gained my respect back from my teachers. It is important to appreciate life. People shouldn’t always try to be better than others because â€Å"If you compare yourself with others, you may become vain and bitter. † Trying to compete with others will just make life more difficult.It’s possible to gain enemies by always comparing one’s self to another. When I was singing in the Gospel Company, I was a lead singer. There was a girl in my class who would always try to compete with my for a solo that was already given to me. She would compare her voice to mine. She would snap because I would always be recognized for a performance. She had a very talented voice. She ended up being very rude and bitter towards the class. I tried to talk to her but she would always brush me off.The class separated from her because she became vain and bitter. No matter what people imagine God to be, they shouldn’t have malice in their heart for God. Everyone faces obstacles in life, â€Å"Therefore be at peace with God, whatever you conceive him to be†. When I first my ACL, I was really hurt emotionally. My first doctor told me I couldn’t play basketball anymore. I wasn’t at peace with God because I felt as though he should have stopped this from happening to me. I gave up on all faith, hope, and belief.Coach Williams kept telling me that I shouldn’t blame God. She told me to keep praying. Coach sent me to another doctor. I had an ACL reconstruction. The doctor said I would be playing in six months. Once I foun d peace with God, everything began to come together for me. I wasn’t stressed or worried. Separating yourself from distractions and frustrations, coming together with each other instead of competing, and being at peace with God are essential facts from the poem â€Å"Desiderata† to give you a better look at life.People shouldn’t let others steal their joy. Everyone should enjoy life and everything it may bring. If everyone would just live, laugh, and love more, they would find themselves being happier. The world would be a more peaceful place if everyone lived by the essential facts of life. To find peace I one’s self, one must have peace with God. Always have faith and believe. The people of this world should come together as one no matter what race, religion, or ethnicity they are.

Expansion Essay Essay

There were two presidents that did a great deal for our country in the area of expansion. These two presidents are Thomas Jefferson and James K. Polk. Though they had completely different policies on expansion and foreign affairs, both of them vastly expanded the country. Jefferson was a believer in the Monroe Doctrine which basically said we will mind our own busi ness. He was also a very firm believer in a strict interpretation of the constitution. He did not look to vastly expand our country and when the opportunity presented itself he had a hard time making the right decision. The United States was surrounded by European owned areas: England had Canada, Spain had Florida, and France had Louisiana. Fearing a possible war Jefferson strengthened the army especially by Louisiana. This act scared Napoleon, he was in a war with England and didn’t even need the Louisiana Territory, so fearing a war with the U.S. and needing money for his war with England he offered to sell the wh ole Louisi ana Territory to us for very cheap. Jefferson not sure if the constitution justified the act of making this purchase struggled with the decision. He decided he didn’t have much of a choice and accepted Napoleons offer. On the other hand, James K. Polk was a firm believer in Manifest Destiny, which was the belief that the United States was predestined to control all of North America. When Polk ran in the 1844 election his campaign slogan was 54-40 or fight. Though he never got that boundary he did get a lot more in different parts of the country. After Texas revolted from Mexico Polk was easy to convince that the U.S. should step in and take Texas from Mexico. Though he wanted Texas he felt that the greatest prize would be California. After Mexico repeatedly declined Polk’s offers to buy Mexico and California Polk sent an army to the Rio Grande. This action led to the Mexican War. Polk pushed and pushed for Texas and California which after thirteen thousand American lives and fifty thousand Mexican lives were lost he got his land. Both of these presidents expanded the area of our country a tremendously. Jefferson’s policies on expansion kept us out of war and doubled the size of our country with great land that would be much needed in coming years. Polk didn’t keep us out of war but he got us a lot. He gained the United States half a million acres of prime land. Texas was an excellent producer of cotton and other crops, while Califor nia was abundant in gold causing the gold rush where thousands of men would head west to California in search of gold. Though Polk and Jefferson had almost opposite policies, in the area of expansion, they both ac quired much land for the United States. Jefferson, the believer in the Monroe Doctrine, and Polk the believer in Manifest Destiny, probably would not have agreed with each other but both did a lot of good for our country.

Discuss the Theories Developed by Sutherland, Merton, and others to Essay

Discuss the Theories Developed by Sutherland, Merton, and others to Compare and Contrast Them - Essay Example He got pleasure in his frequent brushes with the law and developed the reputation of being an uncontrolled money maker. He eventually mastered the activities of murder and vehicle hijacking and even succeeded in plundering the Kennedy Airport in 1960. It appeared that Gotti was walking away free from prosecutions with the same speed as the charges that were being levied against him. The prosecution could not succeed in getting him convicted on repeated occasions, which gave him the status of being untouchable by the law enforcement agencies. Obviously, he got a lot of media attention that made him further famous and he began riding high in the world of crime. Gotti was quite different from other gangsters of the period such as Vito Genovese and Gambino who remained away from publicity. John Gotti got immense pleasure in coming into limelight and media glare. It is said that his love for publicity and the media were responsible for his eventual conviction following Gravano’s st atement against him in court (Raab, 2006). Gotti attracted a great deal of police and media attention and was quick to adopt violent ways to keep up with his commanding position in the crime world. After his gambling debts began to increase he could never recover from financial hardship and pressurized his men to get more money in spite of the ban that was imposed on drugs (Capeci and Mustain, 1996). Gotti got lot of publicity because of the alliances he made with Nicky Scarfo of Philadelphia and the operations that he initiated against the Genovese family of New Jersey. Gotti received considerable publicity when the FBI foiled a plot by the Genovese family to kill him. John Gotti was amongst the few gangsters whose biography was a bestseller and who appeared on the cover of Time issue dated 29 September, 1986. A number of biographical movies were made on him, such as Gotti, Mugshots: John Gotti: Mafia Assassin, Biography:John Gotti: A Mafia Story, Mobsters:John Gotti and Crime Stor ies: John Gotti. He was portrayed in TV programs titled Gotti (1996), The Big Heist (2001), Getting Gotti (1994), Boss of Bosses (2001) and Witness to the Mob (1998). There are several aspects of criminological theories that deal with issues such as criminal justice, political science, sociology and psychology. It is correct to say that integrating all these aspects provides a viable means of analyzing crimes and criminal behaviors. Burgess and Akers attempted to explain crime and criminal behavior by identifying learning processes and including elements such as reinforcement, stimuli, conditioning and behavior in their theories. The main elements of Akers Social Learning theory refer to the processes through which people rationalize, evaluate and infer things in terms of right and wrong. For instance, a young man of 20 years may recognize that the law should be obeyed, he may not adhere to the law that people below 21 should not have alcoholic drinks. Sutherland developed the theor y of differential association that dealt with crime and delinquency. His social learning theory holds that criminal behaviors result because of interactions with people with inappropriate behaviors. Merton’s adaptation of the Anomie theory relates to American society in terms of the outcomes emanating from individuals’